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Edward Porter Alexander, Military memoirs of a Confederate: a critical narrative, Chapter 2: the battle of Bull Run (July, 1861） (search)
the morale gained on the 18th. The Federal tactics were poor and timid. The engagement was begun by a single regiment, and this was reenforced by others successively, but there was lack of concert and combined power. New troops going into action are very prone to fire and fall back,— to touch and let go,— as one handles a piece of hot iron when uncertain how hot it may be. There were cases of this among the volunteer regiments upon both sides. When Jackson, at Chancellorsville, turned Hooker's flank, he formed his force into a double line of battle, with an interval of about 200 yards between the lines, before he made his attack. Jackson gave order to form three lines, but gave signal for advance before the third line had gotten up and it followed in column. When made it was irresistible and produced an immediate panic. Had he begun it by piecemeal, it would have proved a failure. Had McDowell first advanced even two brigades, formed in a double line, Evans's force could sc
Edward Porter Alexander, Military memoirs of a Confederate: a critical narrative, Chapter 3: fall and winter of 1861 (search)
lexandria, and was defeated upon nearly the same ground which had witnessed McDowell's defeat. Fourth. Burnside took the railroad via Fredericksburg, and in December, 1862, met a bloody repulse at that point and gave up his campaign. Fifth. Hooker also took the Fredericksburg route, but was attacked at Chancellorsville so severely that he also gave up his campaign early in May, 1863. Sixth. Meade, after repulsing Lee at Gettysburg in July, 1863, in November essayed an advance from Alexalfway between the two railroad lines. He found Lee so strongly intrenched that he withdrew without attacking. Seventh. On May 4, 1864, Grant, with the largest force yet assembled, set out from Alexandria on a line between Meade's Mine Run and Hooker's Spottsylvania routes. Lee attacked his columns in the Wilderness. The battle thus joined raged for over 11 months, and only ended at Appomattox on April 9, 1865. Our only concern here is to note the advantages and the disadvantages of the di
Edward Porter Alexander, Military memoirs of a Confederate: a critical narrative, Chapter 4: Yorktown and Williamsburg (search)
y the column was under a mile an hour. Our movement was not discovered by the enemy until after daylight on the 4th. His cavalry was at once started in pursuit, and these were followed during the day by five divisions of infantry under Smith, Hooker, Kearney, Couch, and Casey, the whole under command of Sumner. Besides these, Franklin's division was loaded upon transports during the day, and early on the 6th sailed up the York to intercept us near West Point. Two other divisions, Sedgwick'sto send by water to West Point. To hold the enemy in check at Williamsburg, Longstreet retained his whole division of six brigades as a rear-guard. Soon after daylight on the 5th, the enemy developed their presence before Pryor and Anderson. Hooker's and Smith's Federal divisions had reached the field about dark on the 4th. The fighting began with fire upon our lines from artillery and skirmishers, and gradually increased in volume. The whole of Longstreet's division was brought up, and
Edward Porter Alexander, Military memoirs of a Confederate: a critical narrative, Chapter 5: Seven Pines or fair Oaks (search)
remainder under Anderson to his right. A little later also he received two regiments, the 11th Ala. and the 19th Miss., of Wilcox's brigade. With this help the second line was carried. Four Federal regiments and a battery retreated north toward the Chickahominy unpursued. The remainder fell back slowly and night put an end to the fighting. Kemper's brigade also arrived, brought by Longstreet to Hill's aid. It came upon the field, but too late to take effective part. On the Federal side Hooker's division also came up as the fighting ceased. Hill's division was now worn out, and Longstreet relieved it from the seven idle brigades still left on the Charles City and Williamsburg roads. Hill's forces during the battle had averaged about four brigades, for R. H. Anderson had come up, after Rains dropped out with a loss of only 14 per cent. Anderson's losses are not given, but they were severe and probably equalled the average of Hill's. Jenkins's official report says:— We nev
Edward Porter Alexander, Military memoirs of a Confederate: a critical narrative, chapter 8 (search)
t on the battle at once, though not in the best shape; for, instead of one simultaneous attack by the whole force, more time was wasted, and the brigades came in in piecemeal. A very desperate fight ensued, and lasted until long after dark, with varying fortunes. There were present but the two Confederate divisions, 12 brigades, which had borne the brunt of the 27th at Gaines Mill, and had lost 4300 men out of 22,000 engaged. They were taking the aggressive against Kearny's, McCall's, and Hooker's divisions (about 25,000 men), carefully posted, with some protection and obstructions. A fourth division, Sedgwick's, was in reserve in a second line behind McCall, and a fifth, Slocum's, was near on the right, each over 8000 strong. Almost the whole of these 40,000 troops took part in the battle. Within an hour's march were Richardson's and Smith's divisions and Naglee's brigade, 23,000 more, which could have been called in if needed. It goes without saying that while the Confedera
Edward Porter Alexander, Military memoirs of a Confederate: a critical narrative, Chapter 11: second Manassas (search)
the opposing forces. Sigel's attack. Reno's and Kearny's attack. Hooker's and Reno's attack. Grover's brigade. Porter's corps. Pope verslested until near three o'clock. About that time he was attacked by Hooker's division. This Pope had sent to develop the situation at Manassas, of which he was as yet not informed. Hooker had only about 5500 men, — less than Ewell had at hand, — but his attack was so vigorous that t of them, to Greenwich, he sent Heintzelman with three divisions. Hooker was sent to Bristoe to attack Ewell, with Porter marching to supportreville, seven miles to the northeast, were the three divisions of Hooker, Kearny, and Reno, about 18,000. About seven miles to the southeaiately organized a fresh attack with the three divisions of Kearny, Hooker, and Reno. Had he awaited their arrival before wrecking Sigel in vll back to the woods. On seeing his retreat, Grover's brigade of Hooker's division, being in reserve, was sent forward for a counterstroke.
Edward Porter Alexander, Military memoirs of a Confederate: a critical narrative, Chapter 12: Boonsboro or South Mountain, and Harper's Ferry (search)
rly, Hays7 Hill, A. P.Branch, Archer, Gregg, Pender, Field, Thomas7 JacksonWinder, Jones, J. K., Taliaferro, Starke6 Hill, D. H.Ripley, Garland, Rodes, Anderson, G. B. Colquitt4 Total 2d Corps4 Divisions19 Brigades, 24 Batteries, 100 Guns24 ArtilleryPendletonPendleton's Reserve, 58 Guns12 CavalryStuartHampton, Lee F., Robertson, 14 Guns3 Aggregate2 Corps, 10 Divisions43 Brigades, 284 guns, 55,000 Men67 CORPSDIVISIONSBRIGADESBATTS. 1st CorpsKingPhelps, Doubleday, Patrick, Gibbon4 HookerRickettsDuryea, Christian, Hartsuff2 MeadeSeymour, Magilton, Gallagher4 2d CorpsRichardsonCaldwell, Meagher, Brooke2 SumnerSedgwickGorman, Howard, Dana2 FrenchKimball, Morris, Weber3 5th CorpsMorellBarnes, Griffin, Stockton3 PorterSykesBuchanan, Lovell, Warren3 HumphreysHumphreys, Tyler, Allabach2 6th CorpsSlocumTorbert, Bartlett, Newton4 FranklinSmith, W. F.Hancock, Brooks, Irwin3 CouchDevens, Howe, Cochrane4 9th CorpsWillcox, O. B.Christ, Welsh2 BurnsideSturgisNagle, Ferrero2 R
Edward Porter Alexander, Military memoirs of a Confederate: a critical narrative, Chapter 13: Sharpsburg or Antietam (search)
n's pursuit. Lee's line of battle. battle of Hooker's corps. Hood's counter-stroke. on Jackson'smoved together. Instead, the 1st corps, under Hooker, was started about 2 P. M. on the 16th; the 12ole army in position, and had daylight lasted, Hooker would probably have been overwhelmed that aftewith Hooker in the beginning of his march, and Hooker had called his attention to the hazard of sende engagement in the afternoon between Hood and Hooker's advance was quite sharp, Hood advancing Law't. At early dawn the fight was renewed, and Hooker's three fine divisions advanced in columns of whence our artillery could annoy the flank of Hooker's attack. When Lawton was wounded, Early and ms, by far, that has occurred during the war. Hooker was wounded, and the enemy was driven back so parated from their commands. The defeat of Hooker's corps may be considered as ending the first ding corps were Reno and Mansfield killed, and Hooker wounded. Commanding Divisions or Brigades wer[16 more...]
Edward Porter Alexander, Military memoirs of a Confederate: a critical narrative, Chapter 14: fall of 1862 (search)
mmand of the 5th corps, and to be succeeded by Hooker. On the same date these formal orders were the four next in line for promotion —Burnside, Hooker, Sumner, and Franklin. The older officers deCarr, Hall, Revere Piatt, Carroll9 Batteries Hooker5th CorpsGriffinBarnes, Sweitzer, Stockton But division numbered about 27,000 on the field. Hooker's grand division had not yet been brought acro came a comparative lull in the conflict. But Hooker was under orders to attack with his whole forc the 5th corps. Even before Griffin's charge, Hooker had looked at the field, and become so convincThe answer came that the attack must be made. Hooker, however, considered it a duty to his troops t the position must be carried before night. Hooker, accordingly, returned and began to prepare foded in their respective fronts. It seems that Hooker's request was refused, for no flag was here shgnation. He made the issue boldly, first with Hooker, and next with Franklin, and his principal off[8 more...]
Edward Porter Alexander, Military memoirs of a Confederate: a critical narrative, Chapter 15: Chancellorsville (search)
And, although Lee at Chancellorsville repulsed Hooker's attack, it was poor policy to take the risk ach commander planned to take the initiative. Hooker knew that he had double Lee's infantry, and gr mules, coupled in pairs and driven in trains. Hooker was naturally elated at his success, and issuethe morning of the 30th, that Lee learned that Hooker had divided his army, and that one-half of it n hand nearly 40,000 men, with which to attack Hooker at Chancellorsville, where Hooker now had fournearly all the advantages lost during the day. Hooker acted promptly and judiciously. Urgent recallnsured victory, had they been carried out. And Hooker took a further precaution, most desirable whenmmunication had been received by Sedgwick from Hooker, and he was still under orders to come to Chanbe the heaviest which we had ever undertaken. Hooker now had his entire army concentrated, and, allld see and direct without exposure. Four of Hooker's corps had suffered casualties averaging 20 p[67 more...]
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